The Evolution of the Token Economy: From its Origins to Current Use in an Adolescent Treatment Program
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Authors
Christensen, Marin T.
Issue Date
1998
Type
Thesis
Language
en_US
Keywords
Alternative Title
Abstract
The token economy utilizes operant conditioning, reinforcing targeted behaviors through
tokens that are exchanged for goods or privileges. Ayllon & Azrin (1968) published a
landmark study applying the principles to a clinical population. Paul & Lentz ( 1977)
demonstrated the token economy to be an effective and economical means of treatment.
This work was extended to many other populations, including juvenile delinquents. Critics
of the token economy oppose operant conditioning as abusive and argue it does not
address patient needs. There remains criticism that some patients do not respond and
effects do not generalize. Token economy programs face barriers due to staff unfamiliar
with the theory, insufficient staffing or resources, and shortened length of stay. Although
there are strategies for overcoming these barriers, some may be insurmountable by a
traditional token economy. Borgess Behavioral Medicine Adolescent Treatment Program
utilizes a token economy to motivate participation and compliance with program rules.
The new system successfully accomplished this, but continues to be difficult for staff to
implement.
Description
90 p.
Citation
Publisher
License
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