The Application of Symbolic Interactionism on Cross-Cultural Communication and Cross-Cultural Training
Abstract
The Seven Dimensions of Culture
• Individualism vs. Collectivism
Orientation to the self vs. orientation to common goals and objectives.
• Universalism vs. Particularism
Particular obligation to a universal standard vs. particular obligations to people we know.
• High-Context vs. Low-Context
Reliance on indirect communication vs. reliance on direct communication.
• Monochronic vs. Polychronic
Time as being “precise, measured, and adhered to” vs. able to be “stretched and negotiated.”
• Task vs. Relationships
Punctuality, work ethic, and concrete outcomes vs. relationships, enjoying life, and quality
over quantity.
• Equality Oriented vs. Status Oriented
Minimization of status differences vs. definite hierarchy.
• Comfort with Uncertainty vs. Need for Certainty
3. Welcoming spontaneity and new ideas vs. structure and consistency.
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