The Application of Symbolic Interactionism on Cross-Cultural Communication and Cross-Cultural Training

Abstract

The Seven Dimensions of Culture • Individualism vs. Collectivism Orientation to the self vs. orientation to common goals and objectives. • Universalism vs. Particularism Particular obligation to a universal standard vs. particular obligations to people we know. • High-Context vs. Low-Context Reliance on indirect communication vs. reliance on direct communication. • Monochronic vs. Polychronic Time as being “precise, measured, and adhered to” vs. able to be “stretched and negotiated.” • Task vs. Relationships Punctuality, work ethic, and concrete outcomes vs. relationships, enjoying life, and quality over quantity. • Equality Oriented vs. Status Oriented Minimization of status differences vs. definite hierarchy. • Comfort with Uncertainty vs. Need for Certainty 3. Welcoming spontaneity and new ideas vs. structure and consistency.