Half the Chance at Life: An Investigation of Racial Disparities in Infant Mortality Rates in Calhoun County, Michigan
Abstract
In Calhoun County, Michigan, the rate of infant mortality an1ong black mothers is nearly
twice the rate among white mothers. Infant mortality, rooted in complicated and
interrelated factors such as poverty, health care access, neighborhood conditions,
nutrition and behavior, is considered an indicator of population health and often reveals
social inequities. This study explores the high rate of infant mortality among black
mothers through interviews with health professionals and area experts, and analysis of
birth and death files from 2005-2009. Race was found to be the leading determinant of
infant mortality in Calhoun County. High poverty rates among blacks suggest that
socioeconomic disadvantage, perpetuated by historical and institutionalized racism, 1nay
be the primary route through which race determines health. Despite the evident racial
health disparities in Calhoun County, health professionals interviewed were hesitant to
name racism as a root cause of racial health disparities, indicating minilnization and
naturalization of racism within the health care system. 'T'his study serves as a primary
investigation of race and health in Calhoun County, calling for further research and action
to directly address racial health inequities.