DC-SIGN Carbohydrate Recognition Domain (CRD) Determinants Responsible for HIV-1 Binding

Abstract

HIV belongs to genus Lentivirus.

HIV spread through sexual contact, blood, and mother to child.

Virus interior is composed of two single-stranded RNA.

Reverse transcriptase is key enzyme used to incorporate virus into DNA.

CCR5 and CXCR4 tropic strains.

Results in death of CD4+ T cells (Helper T cells) through Direct Killing, Increased Apoptosis and Indirect killing of CD8 T lymphocytes (Cytotoxic T cells).

Leads to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections (e.g. Tuberculosis).

Upon viral entry, DC-SIGN expressed on dendritic cells In vivo has been implicated as a receptor facilitating efficient trans HIV-1 virus transmission to CD4+ T cells.

However, It has been observed that another member of the C-type lectin family, L-SIGN, inefficiently binds and transmits virus.