A Comparison Involving a Wild-Type Strain of Pseudorabies Virus (Rice) and a Vaccine Strain of Pseudorabies (Norden) Using Methods of Restriction Enzyme Mapping and DNA Sequencing
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PrV), a member of the herpesvirus sub-family
alphaherpesvirinae, causes the illness known as Aujezsky's disease. PrY is virulent
in all mammals, with the exception of the higher primates, i.e the great apes and
humans. The virus is responsible for an economic loss exceeding $100 million
annually through the infection of livestock, the primary target animals of PrY. As
the adult pig is capable of surviving infection, with the virus often going latent, it
serves as the primary reservoir of Pr V.
Several attenuated vaccine strains of PrY are currently being marketed in the
United States and Europe, one of which, PrY Norden, contains a 3.5-Kb deletion in
the Us portion of its genome, in comparison to the wild-type strain of PrY, Rice.
It has been shown previously that this deletion is at least partially responsible for
Norden's avirulence in pigs. Through
the comparison of PrY Norden with the wild-type strain of PrY, Rice, this study
has determined the precise location of this deletion using methods of restriction
enzyme mapping and end-labeled DNA sequencing.
The results generated in this study indicate that the genes which code for
the viral envelope glycoproteins gX, gp50, and gp63 are not affected by the Us
deletion, but that the gene which codes for the glycoprotein gI has been deleted,
as well as a series of genes whose functions are unknown. The deletion begins in
the region of BamH I 7, 77 bases downstream from the gp63 termination codon,
and extends 5OO bases into the region of BamH I 12.
In addition to the characterization of the Norden Us deletion, several
restriction maps have been constructed using a series of restriction endonucleases
which were largely untested on PrY DNA. The generation of such restriction maps
has illustrated several regions of heterogeneity between the two strains, and should
prove useful in future comparisons of the two strains of PrY.
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